In death – as in life – my mother was rescued by love | Jonathan Freedland

Posted on 18th May 2012 in The monuments of world
  • Jonathan Freedland

  • Sara Freedland and family
    Sara Freedland, with son Jonathan and grandson Jacob in 2005. Photograph: Toby Glanville for the Guardian

    Nearly 11 years have passed since I last broke my own rule and wrote in this place about something deeply personal. Then, in the summer of 2001, it was the birth of my first child and the article was a hymn of praise for the National Health Service that had ushered my son into the world.

    Today I write about my mother, who died 10 days ago. Once again – though this is not my only aim – I want to record my praise, even awe, for the people who looked after her. It was not so straightforward this time. Yes, the NHS funded it all, but my mother was tended to – at home in Bournemouth – by a variety of agencies, some public, some voluntary and one private. I confess that before this experience, I would have been wary of such an arrangement. But my prejudices were confounded. The team worked together with perfect efficiency, a coalition of Macmillan and Marie Curie nurses, agency staff, NHS district nurses and care assistants and the local GP. Not once did any information slip through the cracks. It meant we could fulfil our promise to my mother that she would spend her last weeks not in hospital or in a hospice, but at home.

    At no point, despite all the equipment and expertise that came through the front door, was money so much as mentioned. Never were we confronted with a choice of a cheaper option or a limit to our “cover”. My mother got all the care she needed and no one presented her or us with a bill. That is the glory of our national health system, one we take for granted too easily. It is a treasure to be cherished.

    And yet what will stay with me is a thought not about systems or organisations, but about people. Perhaps two dozen different women helped my mother in those last days. They were gentle and sensitive, speaking softly and with great care. Several of them, it turned out, were motivated by past experience of caring for their own, terminally ill relatives. On the last full day of my mother’s life, I noticed that the eyes of one nurse, Sue, were welling with tears. She had been watching me talk to my mother and had, I think, been reminded of her own farewell to her father. When she said goodbye to me, she said something I shall never forget. “Thank you for letting me in.”

    I never asked what any of these remarkable people are paid, but I don’t imagine it’s very much. And yet they do work that is tough, exhausting and priceless. I know the explanation for that paradox but, in truth, it is inexplicable.

    Still, what I’ve been thinking about most during these last 10 days is my mother. She won no prizes, she built no monuments – and yet her life was extraordinary. When I wrote a memoir of three generations of my family, including the lives of relatives involved in some of the epic political events of their era, it was nevertheless her story that touched people most.

    She was born Sara Hocherman in 1936, in the small town of Petach Tikva in what was then Palestine. She was two months premature: the doctors warned that her life was “hanging by a thread”. Her father was an ultra-orthodox Jew who showed his children what might politely be called distracted neglect. He did not provide for them or his wife and, after an older sister died through malnutrition, my mother’s mother returned to her native London with her two surviving children.

    By the time she was five, in 1942, Sara was an evacuee in the Bedfordshire countryside, taken in by a kindly unmarried lady who took a shine to the little girl. But Sara missed her mother terribly. In the spring of 1945, the war’s end approaching, a reunion seemed only weeks away. Then one of the very last V2 rockets to fall on London hit Hughes Mansions in the East End, killing 134 people; 120 of them were Jews, my mother’s 33-year-old mother among them. When everyone else was celebrating VE Day, eight-year-old Sara was in mourning.

    What followed were hard years in the post-war East End, and in 1949 a return to what was now Israel, to witness the earliest years of the state. That period was hard too: my teenage mother had to contend with poverty, family estrangement and disease. In 1955, Sara returned to England where she eventually met and found happiness with my father. Illness would strike again when my mother was 43; once more the doctors would say her life was hanging by a thread. But somehow she survived.

    There is so much to say about all of this, and one way or another I will spend the rest of my life saying it. But three points stand out.

    The first is that my mother’s experience made her much more hawkish than me on matters relating to Israel. To lose her mother (and an aunt) along with so many other Jews to one of Hitler’s bombs meant she had felt the breath of the Shoah on her neck: it entrenched a yearning that she felt as a desperate need, the craving for a place the Jews could call their own. She was not the only one to feel it. Whatever view you ultimately take on the Israel-Palestine question, you cannot hope to understand that conflict unless you also understand this need.

    Second, whenever one contemplates war or military intervention anywhere, one needs to contemplate this unbending fact: that every bomb or rocket that falls, no matter where in the world it lands, is destined to create another Sara Hocherman – a child who has lost a parent. And the pain of that act will live on through the decades and through the generations, as it did in my family.

    Lastly, my mother’s life was proof of the power of love. She was rescued first by her aunt, Yiddi, who took her in, and next by my father, who was with her for 52 years and with her at the very end. Their love ensured that, though my mother was unfathomably strong, she was never hard. She contained next to no bitterness, only oceans of empathy.

    So this weekend, do yourself this favour, if you can. As my mother would have put it, deploying the idiosyncratic grammar that was part Yiddish, part passive-aggressive self-deprecation, “Phone your mother: she’s also a person.”

    Jonathan Freedland has set up a Just Giving page in his mother’s name, for Macmillan Cancer Support

    Twitter: @j_freedland

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    Freedom Honor Flight to soar on in new direction

    Posted on 14th May 2012 in The monuments of world

    LA CROSSE, Wis. –The Freedom Honor Flight celebrated the organization’s ninth trip to Washington D.C. this weekend, treating nearly 100 area veterans to a trip of a lifetime.

    The trip is a one-day VIP tour of the World War II Memorial and other national monuments.

    “One thing after another from the time we left until we got back,” laughed Bill Spencer, who attended the trip with his brother Ken. The brothers both served in the Army Air Corps during World War II.

    “It was a long day, tiring on the old body but, listen, it was worth every second of it. It really was,” said Ken Spencer.

    “It was a superb trip. I can’t be anymore thankful than right now,” he added.

    After their service in the military, the brothers have remained close and ended up owning a business together in Galesville. That’s why they were so excited to be able to share the experience together.

    “We were really treated so nice…and by the way the World War II (Memorial) is terrific,” said Ken Spencer.

    “For a lot of these folks, this is the last chapter in their lives and in some cases, maybe the last paragraph of the last chapter,” said Bill Hoel, the president of Freedom Honor Flight.

    “If we can end that with an exclamation point and give them the best day of their life….what a great gift that is to give somebody,” he added.

    However, Hoel says this was likely the last flight with mostly veterans from World War II. The others in our area have either already gone on the trip or passed away.

    The Honor Flights will continue, says Hoel, but will begin serving a different generation of war veterans.

    “We got to the bottom of the pile of World War II veterans and the Korean War vets are starting to step up,” said Hoel.

    If there are any World War II veterans out there that still want to go, they will have first priority on the next flight.

    No matter who goes on the trip, almost all come back impressed.

    “The logistics of the whole operation is just out of this world. They’ve got everything down to a science,” said Bill Spencer.

    Organizers say they’ve accomplished their goal of giving “The Greatest Generation” a special memory and big thank you.

    The next trip is scheduled for fall.

    • (Copyright 2012 by WKBT News8000.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)

    Every day is Mother's Day for Joe Campanale and mom Karen

    Posted on 13th May 2012 in The monuments of world

    Karen Campanale and her son Joe, owner of dell’anima.

    LIvely scene at dell’anima on Eighth Ave.

    Restaurant industry heartthrob Joe Campanale has a very important lady in his life — his mom.

    Karen Campanale, known to the Twitterverse as “Dellanimom” (named after her son’s West Village restaurant dell’anima), raised her son in Queens and sent him to NYU, where he fell in love with the food and wine industry.

    Now, ever the proud mama, she tweets photos and tidbits from his restaurants and events, as well as during their travels around the world.

    In honor of Mother’s Day, we gave Joe, the beverage director and co-owner of L’Artusi and Anfora as well, a chance to thank his Dellanimom, who he considers the best in the biz and otherwise.

    Tell us a little bit about your mother/son relationship.

    Since it was just the two of us growing up, we are very close. I communicate with Mom every day, whether it’s by text, email, Twitter, phone call or seeing her. Lately I’ve been so busy that there have been a lot more emails than phone calls but the nice thing about living so close is that we’ll often get together just to grab coffee or a quick breakfast. Also, every week I take her out for brunch no matter what. I’ve been doing that since college and that is nonnegotiable.

    What’s the best thing about having Mom as a travel companion?

    Mom was not much of a traveler until I forced her to be. I was studying abroad in Florence and guilted her into coming to visit me — same with London. The last two years we’ve traveled for her birthday, I brought her to Paris and San Francisco. The great thing about us traveling together is that we tend to like the same things. Basically we’d rather spend our time walking around than seeing monuments and eating than anything else!

    What are some words of motherly advice that you always try to remember?

    “Be careful!!”

    Why is Dellanimom the absolute best mom in the world?

    I could write a dissertation on that! But it wasn’t easy to raise a boy herself and she has always sacrificed for me especially when times were tough. I love that we are now great friends and I can confide in her. She is also the most compassionate person I know and very loving. Mom is so supportive of me and always there when I need her. She instilled in me a love of food and dogs and a passion for life. She’s also a great dinner companion!

    How are you celebrating Mother’s Day?

    Taking her out for brunch, of course.

    Honor Flight: Reunion

    Posted on 12th May 2012 in The monuments of world

    Like a lot of vets, Ed Reiff came home from World War II eager to put what he’d seen and done behind him and get on with his life. He got married and had a son.

    The marriage didn’t last. After a year, his wife left San Diego and took their son, Jack, to the East Coast. And life went on.

    When Jack got married 45 years ago in Pittsburgh, his father, who had remarried and started another family, was there. But then both got busy with their lives again, and had very little contact.

    “It wasn’t any animosity or anything,” Jack Fleming said. “It was geography.”

    Ed Reiff is among the 105 WWII vets in Washington D.C. this weekend on an Honor Flight thanking them for their service. When he got to the hotel Friday night, a surprise was waiting: his son Jack.

    They hugged. “Thank God I was spared during the war because this is one of the best days of my life,” Reiff said.

    His daughter, Marcia Davis, made the reunion happen. She is her father’s guardian on the trip, and two weeks ago she contacted her half-brother and asked him if he would come.

    It meant driving more than four hours from Pittsburgh, then turning around and going home after dinner, but he said yes. “He looks great,” Fleming said, beaming at his father. “I’m tickled to death. And I’m happy to know he has some powerful genes he might have passed on.”

    Reiff, 87, said he is looking forward to today’s trip to the WWII Memorial and other monuments. He was in the First Marine Division in the Pacific theater during the war and saw action on Guadalcanal among other places. He said from his outfit of 135 men, three came home alive.

    He was a machine gunner. “I got even for Pearl Harbor more than once,” he said.

    Filming 'Saving Hallowed Ground' – The Radnor War Memorial project

    Posted on 12th May 2012 in The monuments of world

     For generations the charging Dough Boys on the bronze relief of the Radnor War Memorial have been frozen in time.

    But on Thursday they came to life as World War I soldiers marched among the memorial grounds.

    And there were soldiers from other wars, too: World War II, Korea, Vietnam and the War Against Terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.

    It was all part of a film production for “Saving Hallowed Ground,” a project spearheaded by Radnor American Legion Posts 668 and 418 to draw attention to the 120 names etched on the 1922 memorial as well as the need to preserve memorials like Wayne’s throughout the country.

     Video Plays Below:

    “For the last three years we have been dealing with issues of the conservation and preservation of this memorial,” said Eugene Hough, a member of Post 668 and a preservationist of military cemeteries and monuments. “The most important thing we are encapsulating in this project is that we want to template this project in other communities across Pennsylvania and across the United States. From experience I can attest there are numerous markers and monuments like this one that aren’t being taken care of. Hopefully by involving the military academy, community, students, businesses we can bring to life what these truly are, living-history memorials.”       

    The production is slated to debut at Radnor Memorial Library on Tuesday, May 15, after a 7 p.m. public re-dedication ceremony of the refurbished Radnor War Memorial, which is across from the middle school.

     The video, produced by Radnor Studio 21, involved cadets from the Valley Forge Military Academy.

    Many of the garments used in Thursday’s production were actual vintage military uniforms. The actors were students from 2nd Lt. Adam Messinger’s U.S. history class. Continued…

    “They’re also the same age of a lot of the men who wore the uniforms,” he said.  

    He pointed out that all branches of the military are represented in the production except for the U.S. Coast Guard, the only uniform that could not be located for the shoot.

    “We have a full spectrum of the history of the United States…the different services,” explained Messinger.

     

    One uniform for the production belongs to Marty Costello, commander of Bateman-Gallagher Post 668 and owner of Joe’s Place in Wayne. He served in the Navy during Vietnam. 

     

    Aside from the VFMA actors, Emily Rafferty, who bartends at Post 668, took part in the production representing Mary Holmes Howson.

    Howson’s name is on the Radnor War Memorial. The Radnor resident and 1936 Radnor High School graduate was a teacher by profession, teaching at the former Booth School in Devon, before enlisting in World War II.

    Howson, who lived on Parks Run in Wayne, was training to be a domestic military aviator in the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). She died in April 1944 after an air-traffic controller’s error had her AT-6 training aircraft in the same air corridor as another plane and as a result the aircraft collided. Howson, who was only about a month away from completing her training, died as she did not have enough altitude to deploy her parachute before hitting the ground.  

     She earned her silver wings posthumously. She is buried at Washington Memorial Chapel’s cemetery in Valley Forge National Historical Park.     Continued…

     For generations the charging Dough Boys on the bronze relief of the Radnor War Memorial have been frozen in time.

    But on Thursday they came to life as World War I soldiers marched among the memorial grounds.

    And there were soldiers from other wars, too: World War II, Korea, Vietnam and the War Against Terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.

    It was all part of a film production for “Saving Hallowed Ground,” a project spearheaded by Radnor American Legion Posts 668 and 418 to draw attention to the 120 names etched on the 1922 memorial as well as the need to preserve memorials like Wayne’s throughout the country.

     Video Plays Below:

    “For the last three years we have been dealing with issues of the conservation and preservation of this memorial,” said Eugene Hough, a member of Post 668 and a preservationist of military cemeteries and monuments. “The most important thing we are encapsulating in this project is that we want to template this project in other communities across Pennsylvania and across the United States. From experience I can attest there are numerous markers and monuments like this one that aren’t being taken care of. Hopefully by involving the military academy, community, students, businesses we can bring to life what these truly are, living-history memorials.”       

    The production is slated to debut at Radnor Memorial Library on Tuesday, May 15, after a 7 p.m. public re-dedication ceremony of the refurbished Radnor War Memorial, which is across from the middle school.

     The video, produced by Radnor Studio 21, involved cadets from the Valley Forge Military Academy.

    Many of the garments used in Thursday’s production were actual vintage military uniforms. The actors were students from 2nd Lt. Adam Messinger’s U.S. history class.

    “They’re also the same age of a lot of the men who wore the uniforms,” he said.  

    He pointed out that all branches of the military are represented in the production except for the U.S. Coast Guard, the only uniform that could not be located for the shoot.

    “We have a full spectrum of the history of the United States…the different services,” explained Messinger.

     

    One uniform for the production belongs to Marty Costello, commander of Bateman-Gallagher Post 668 and owner of Joe’s Place in Wayne. He served in the Navy during Vietnam. 

     

    Aside from the VFMA actors, Emily Rafferty, who bartends at Post 668, took part in the production representing Mary Holmes Howson.

    Howson’s name is on the Radnor War Memorial. The Radnor resident and 1936 Radnor High School graduate was a teacher by profession, teaching at the former Booth School in Devon, before enlisting in World War II.

    Howson, who lived on Parks Run in Wayne, was training to be a domestic military aviator in the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). She died in April 1944 after an air-traffic controller’s error had her AT-6 training aircraft in the same air corridor as another plane and as a result the aircraft collided. Howson, who was only about a month away from completing her training, died as she did not have enough altitude to deploy her parachute before hitting the ground.  

     She earned her silver wings posthumously. She is buried at Washington Memorial Chapel’s cemetery in Valley Forge National Historical Park.    

     

    As part of the Saving Hallowed Ground initiative, students from Wayne’s St. Katharine of Siena School’s David Heacock’s eighth-grade class are currently researching the life histories of the 20 fallen World War I soldiers whose names are on the Radnor memorial. Several St. Katharine students were involved in Thursday’s video production.    

    The May 15 re-dedication of the war memorial will include an overview of the renovation by  Costello, commander of Post 668;  and Hough, who owns Heritage Guild Works, a company that specializes in cemetery and monuments restoration, will discuss the restoration process.

    The program, co-sponsored by the Radnor Historical Society, will then move to the Winsor Room of the library where Costello will outline the rich history of the memorial and Hough will explain a national program for veterans to help restore war memorials. Julie Pierce will then talk about Gold Star Mothers.  

     

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    'Saving Hallowed Ground' The Radnor War Memorial project

    Posted on 11th May 2012 in The monuments of world

     For generations the charging Dough Boys on the bronze relief of the Radnor War Memorial have been frozen in time.

    But on Thursday they came to life as World War I soldiers marched among the memorial grounds.

    And there were soldiers from other wars, too: World War II, Korea, Vietnam and the War Against Terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.

    It was all part of a film production for “Saving Hallowed Ground,” a project spearheaded by Radnor American Legion Posts 668 and 418 to draw attention to the 120 names etched on the 1922 memorial as well as the need to preserve memorials like Wayne’s throughout the country.

     Video Plays Below:

    “For the last three years we have been dealing with issues of the conservation and preservation of this memorial,” said Eugene Hough, a member of Post 668 and a preservationist of military cemeteries and monuments. “The most important thing we are encapsulating in this project is that we want to template this project in other communities across Pennsylvania and across the United States. From experience I can attest there are numerous markers and monuments like this one that aren’t being taken care of. Hopefully by involving the military academy, community, students, businesses we can bring to life what these truly are, living-history memorials.”       

    The production is slated to debut at Radnor Memorial Library on Tuesday, May 15, after a 7 p.m. public re-dedication ceremony of the refurbished Radnor War Memorial, which is across from the middle school.

     The video, produced by Radnor Studio 21, involved cadets from the Valley Forge Military Academy.

    Many of the garments used in Thursday’s production were actual vintage military uniforms. The actors were students from 2nd Lt. Adam Messinger’s U.S. history class. Continued…

    “They’re also the same age of a lot of the men who wore the uniforms,” he said.  

    He pointed out that all branches of the military are represented in the production except for the U.S. Coast Guard, the only uniform that could not be located for the shoot.

    “We have a full spectrum of the history of the United States…the different services,” explained Messinger.

     

    One uniform for the production belongs to Marty Costello, commander of Bateman-Gallagher Post 668 and owner of Joe’s Place in Wayne. He served in the Navy during Vietnam. 

     

    Aside from the VFMA actors, Emily Rafferty, who bartends at Post 668, took part in the production representing Mary Holmes Howson.

    Howson’s name is on the Radnor War Memorial. The Radnor resident and 1936 Radnor High School graduate was a teacher by profession, teaching at the former Booth School in Devon, before enlisting in World War II.

    Howson, who lived on Parks Run in Wayne, was training to be a domestic military aviator in the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). She died in April 1944 after an air-traffic controller’s error had her AT-6 training aircraft in the same air corridor as another plane and as a result the aircraft collided. Howson, who was only about a month away from completing her training, died as she did not have enough altitude to deploy her parachute before hitting the ground.  

     She earned her silver wings posthumously. She is buried at Washington Memorial Chapel’s cemetery in Valley Forge National Historical Park.     Continued…

     For generations the charging Dough Boys on the bronze relief of the Radnor War Memorial have been frozen in time.

    But on Thursday they came to life as World War I soldiers marched among the memorial grounds.

    And there were soldiers from other wars, too: World War II, Korea, Vietnam and the War Against Terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.

    It was all part of a film production for “Saving Hallowed Ground,” a project spearheaded by Radnor American Legion Posts 668 and 418 to draw attention to the 120 names etched on the 1922 memorial as well as the need to preserve memorials like Wayne’s throughout the country.

     Video Plays Below:

    “For the last three years we have been dealing with issues of the conservation and preservation of this memorial,” said Eugene Hough, a member of Post 668 and a preservationist of military cemeteries and monuments. “The most important thing we are encapsulating in this project is that we want to template this project in other communities across Pennsylvania and across the United States. From experience I can attest there are numerous markers and monuments like this one that aren’t being taken care of. Hopefully by involving the military academy, community, students, businesses we can bring to life what these truly are, living-history memorials.”       

    The production is slated to debut at Radnor Memorial Library on Tuesday, May 15, after a 7 p.m. public re-dedication ceremony of the refurbished Radnor War Memorial, which is across from the middle school.

     The video, produced by Radnor Studio 21, involved cadets from the Valley Forge Military Academy.

    Many of the garments used in Thursday’s production were actual vintage military uniforms. The actors were students from 2nd Lt. Adam Messinger’s U.S. history class.

    “They’re also the same age of a lot of the men who wore the uniforms,” he said.  

    He pointed out that all branches of the military are represented in the production except for the U.S. Coast Guard, the only uniform that could not be located for the shoot.

    “We have a full spectrum of the history of the United States…the different services,” explained Messinger.

     

    One uniform for the production belongs to Marty Costello, commander of Bateman-Gallagher Post 668 and owner of Joe’s Place in Wayne. He served in the Navy during Vietnam. 

     

    Aside from the VFMA actors, Emily Rafferty, who bartends at Post 668, took part in the production representing Mary Holmes Howson.

    Howson’s name is on the Radnor War Memorial. The Radnor resident and 1936 Radnor High School graduate was a teacher by profession, teaching at the former Booth School in Devon, before enlisting in World War II.

    Howson, who lived on Parks Run in Wayne, was training to be a domestic military aviator in the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). She died in April 1944 after an air-traffic controller’s error had her AT-6 training aircraft in the same air corridor as another plane and as a result the aircraft collided. Howson, who was only about a month away from completing her training, died as she did not have enough altitude to deploy her parachute before hitting the ground.  

     She earned her silver wings posthumously. She is buried at Washington Memorial Chapel’s cemetery in Valley Forge National Historical Park.    

    As part of the Saving Hallowed Ground initiative, students from Wayne’s St. Katharine School’s David Heacock’s eighth-grade class are currently researching the life histories of the 20 fallen World War I soldiers whose names are on the Radnor memorial. Several St. Katharine students were involved in Thursday’s video production.    

    The May 15 re-dedication of the war memorial will include an overview of the renovation by  Costello, commander of Post 668;  and Hough, who owns Heritage Works, a company that specializes in cemetery and monuments restoration, will discuss the restoration process.

    The program, co-sponsored by the Radnor Historical Society, will then move to the Winsor Room of the library where Costello will outline the rich history of the memorial and Hough will explain a national program for veterans to help restore war memorials. Julie Pierce will then talk about Gold Star Mothers.  

     

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    Indian villagers' homes threatened by heritage ruling

    Posted on 26th April 2012 in The monuments of world
  • Jason Burke in Tughluqabad, Delhi

  • Walls of the ruined Tughluqabad fortress in Delhi, India. Image shot 2008. Exact date unknown.
    Food being prepared outside the 14th-century fortress wall in Tughluqabad, where people face eviction after a supreme court judgment. Photograph: Alamy

    With its snuffling boars, motorbikes, samosa stand and Deepak General Stores, the village resembles thousands of similar communities across India. But look up from the rubbish-strewn, potholed main street and what makes Tughluqabad different from the others is very clear: a 700-year-old, 25-metre-high, 10-metre-thick, four-mile-long wall.

    A handful of tourists may drive down through the snarling traffic to reach the village, sited within a complex of forts, tombs and defences built in the 14th century, but otherwise the rich heritage brings little benefit. Indeed it could bring about the village’s destruction. A supreme court judgment last year now means the 60,000 inhabitants are likely to be evicted and their homes demolished as illegal “encroachments” on an archaeological site.

    Though a last-ditch legal fight is under way, people such as Shakunthala, a 60-year-old grandmother who was born in Tughluqabad, are worried. “I’ve lived here all my life. We are poor people. We have nothing. Where will we go? What will we do?” she said.

    Resistance in the village is led by Ramvir Singh Bidhuri, a local politician. Claiming descent from the soldiers and craftsmen who founded the village after building the walls and forts, Bidhuri invoked the “valiant history” of the community, which he said fought British colonial overlords during the 1857 Indian rebellion.

    “The records show that the people of Tughluqabad fought bravely in the first independence war. Now they want to throw us out of the homes we have inhabited for so long,” he said.

    Such conflicts are increasingly common in India. With legislation recently passed, a growing public awareness of the value of India’s architectural heritage and a new political will to boost the lucrative tourist trade, officials from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the government body responsible for maintaining 3,660 of the country’s historical sites, have been charged with clearing them of illegal settlements.

    The Times of India newspaper recently spoke of a “man v monuments conflict” on a national scale.

    “Our job is to conserve and protect the monuments and encroachment is a problem,” said Dr Gautam Sengupta, the ASI director general. “We try to do things amicably but there is little we can do without support from law enforcement agencies.” Sometimes the ASI fulfils its mandate without conflict. Many temples are run in tandem with local trusts or administrative bodies. But hundreds of sites have suffered from the pressure generated across India by land scarcity and a rapidly increasing population and are now home to large numbers of people or used as shops, storehouses or even schools. ASI officials speak of their legal duty to ensure a clear belt of land of up to 300 metres around every site.

    PBS Sengar, the ASI’s director of monuments, said if “encroachments” were not cleared, “ultimately the sanctity of the monument is lost, repairs are not possible, the original historical setting is spoiled and a lot of damage is there”.

    So in the famous desert fortified town of Jaisalmer, a regular stop on the tourist trail of Rajasthan, local families are now facing legal action to force them to dismantle all or part of their homes. At the other end of Rajasthan, in Deeg, the ASI is trying to clear hundreds of people from homes and shops built around the 18th-century fort.

    Even globally recognised sites are not immune. A group of temples at the Khajuraho complex, famous for their erotic sculptures, has disappeared behind hotels, shops and residential houses. Last month a court ordered authorities to clear unauthorised meditation centres, guesthouses and shops from Hampi, the 2,000-year-old temple complex in the southern state of Karnataka, which is one of 28 Unesco world heritage sites in the country.

    Though the Taj Mahal in Agra has been carefully protected in recent years, many other sites in the city have disappeared under makeshift homes, bazaars and even rubbish heaps. These too will have to go, the ASI says.

    Some, however, are pioneering a different approach. In Nizamuddin Basti, a poor Muslim neighbourhood in Delhi, specialists from the Agha Khan Development Network, an international private philanthropic NGO, have developed a “holistic” strategy that combines development and conservation.

    Ratish Nanda, who oversees the restoration of the vast 16th-century tomb of the Mughal emperor Humayun, as well as dozens of other medieval shrines, said the goodwill of local people was essential. “Local people need to benefit from conservation. The community need to see buildings as assets, not burdens,” he said. In Nizamuddin, where 40,000 people exist in narrow lanes and tenements, school reading programmes, clinics and training schemes have been set up alongside the conservation projects. One aim, Nanda said, was to create “an example of what can be done” to inspire authorities in India to change their approach.

    But though ASI officials say they respect the Nizamuddin project, it is unlikely such strategies will be seen elsewhere soon. Government in India is infamous for its lack of transparency or engagement with local communities.

    In Tughluqabad, few have had any contact with officials. “The worst thing is you never know what is happening,” said Ram Bhatti, 73. “Is it going to be the whole village? Or just some of us? And where would they send us? We are always the last to know.”

    Old Fort Niagara had smallest U.S. monument

    Posted on 22nd April 2012 in The monuments of world

    Niagara County is home to national landmarks and buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, but no national monuments.

    That was not always true. Once upon a time, on land where Old Fort Niagara now stands, the smallest national monument ever erected in the United States was built to honor Father Pierre Millet, an early Jesuit missionary.

    Prior to Fort Niagara, the French erected a fort in 1687 named Denonville to hold a garrison of 100 men at the mouth of the Niagara River. Unfortunately, due to disease, bad food and the harsh winter, only 12 men were still alive when a rescue party from Montreal arrived in the spring of 1688. The rescue party included Millett.

    On that Good Friday in April 1688, he erected a wooden cross at the site to memorialize the victims of the long winter at the fledgling fort and “to invoke God’s mercy for plague-stricken men.”

    Millett was born in 1865 in Bourges, France. He studied theology in Paris and was sent to Canada in 1668 to study under Father Claude Allouez. Instead of heading west with Allouez, he was dispatched to be a missionary among the Onondaga people. In 1672, Millett was appointed to serve the Oneidas, whom he described as “the most arrogant and least tractable of all the Iroquois.” After great success among them, Millett was transferred again in 1685 to Kingston, Ont., where he served before and after the Fort Denonville tragedy.

    In July 1689, Millet was taken prisoner by Iroquois preparing to attack Fort Frontenac. Initially spared by Chief Manchot, he was subjected to beatings after the chief left to join in the attack of the fort. Preparing for death, Millett began to pray in Iroquois. Hearing this, his captors unbound him and sent him to the Oneida camp, where he was met with joy.

    However, the non-Christian members of the tribe were keen for Millett’s death as an agent of the French governor. His life hung in the balance until he was adopted into a leading Oneida family in place of Otassete, a warrior who had died of natural causes. At a ceremony, Millett was named Otassete and adopted into the Oneida Nation, sparing his life.

    Millett returned to Quebec in late 1694 and later was assigned as a missionary among the Hurons. From 1697 to 1703, he remained in Quebec, but at least once he petitioned Rome to return to the Iroquois “to fight like a good soldier the battles of the Lord.” In 1705, his health steadily deteriorated, and he died Dec. 31, 1708, in Quebec. With his dying breath, he wished to return to the Iroquois.

    The French had abandoned the Fort Denonville site as a place of defense until 1726, when they began to build the “French Castle” at Fort Niagara. The wooden cross erected by Millett nearly 50 years earlier was gone. Under the three flags of three different nations and several wars, Fort Niagara remained, though Millet’s cross had faded into obscurity.

    That began to change nearly 200 years later when President Theodore Roosevelt utilized the Antiquities Act of 1906 to declare Devil’s Tower a national monument before it was ruined by outside forces. This act allowed the president to restrict the use of federally owned lands, specifically to help protect artifacts found on these lands from being removed and placed into private collections.

    On Sept. 5, 1925, President Calvin Coolidge proclaimed the Father Millett Cross National Monument, stipulating that a commemorative cross be raised. At 320 square feet, this spot along the Lake Ontario shore of Fort Niagara became the nation’s smallest national monument, a distinction it held for nearly 25 years.

    Here, the New York State Knights of Columbus erected an 18z-foot bronze cross in 1926. They dedicated it “not only to Father Millet, but to those other priests whose heroism took Christianity into the wilderness and whose devotion sought to create in this new world a new France.” The crosspiece of the monument was inscribed with “REGN. VINC. IMP. CHRS.” That is Latin for “King, Conquering, Commander, Christ.”

    Initially, the monument was under the management of the War Department, since Fort Niagara was an active military reservation. In 1933, reorganization brought the monument under the control of the national park system. The care of the Millett cross changed yet again when the U.S. Army declared the old fort surplus in 1945, and the process was begun to transfer ownership to the State of New York. On Sept. 7, 1949, Congress abolished the Father Millett Cross National Monument, and New York acquired the memorial.

    While no longer a national monument, the memorial is still a historic marker in the state parks system. Today, the Father Millett Cross still stands just west of the north redoubt inside Old Fort Niagara, and the Knights of Columbus yearly celebrate and remember the work of Millett and others who carried on after him.

    Craig E. Bacon is the deputy Niagara County historian.

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    Fort Ord is America’s newest national monument

    Posted on 20th April 2012 in The monuments of world

    Fort Ord, a former military base north of Monterey, Calif., became America’s newest national monument today, the Los Angeles Times reported. It’s only the second site that President Barack Obama has designated as a national monument since taking office.

    Fort Ord, originally established in 1917 as Camp Gigling, served as a basic training location from the late 1940s to the 1970s, CNN reported. In 1975, the 7th Infantry Division (Light) took up residence there, and stayed until the base was closed in September 1994.

    These days, the oceanfront fort’s 86 miles of hiking, biking and horseback riding trails draw 100,000 visitors a year, the LA Times reported. One of the world’s largest bicycling events in the world, the Sea Otter Classic, is routed through the area, CNN reported.

    National monument status, which will be extended to 14,650 acres of the land, puts the area under the supervision of the federal Bureau of Land Management, according to the San Jose Mercury News. And, at most national monuments, mining and oil and gas drilling are banned.

    More from GlobalPost: 64 Yellowstone bison headed to Fort Peck

    “Fort Ord’s dramatic landscape lives in the memories of thousands of veterans as their first taste of Army life, as a final stop before deploying to war, or as a home base during their military career,” Obama said in a statement, according to CNN. “This national monument will not only protect one of the crown jewels of California’s coast, but will also honor the heroism and dedication of men and women who served our nation and fought in the major conflicts of the 20th century.”

    In a statement, Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar said the new monument will be “good for tourism, recreation, and local businesses that cater to the tens of thousands of people who come to experience this remarkable place,” the LA Times reported.

    More from GlobalPost: Burma: Ready for business?
     

    http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/united-states/120420/fort-ord-designated-national-monument

    Presidential Proclamation — Establishment of the Fort Ord National Monument

    Posted on 20th April 2012 in The monuments of world

    The White House

    Office of the Press Secretary

    For Immediate Release

    April 20, 2012

    ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FORT ORD NATIONAL MONUMENT
    - – - – - – -
    BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
    A PROCLAMATION

    In the heart of California’s Central Coast, the former Fort Ord encompasses a sweeping landscape of vivid beauty and rich natural diversity. One of the few remaining expanses of large, contiguous open space in the increasingly developed Monterey Bay area, this area is a rolling landscape long treasured for recreation, scientific research, outdoor education, and historical significance. Originating in the Pleistocene Epoch, ancient dunes provide the foundation for this landscape’s unique array of plant and wildlife communities. The area is also notable for its historical significance, including its role in the Spanish settlement of California and in the military training of generations of American soldiers.

    Nearly two and a half centuries ago, as Americans fought for independence far to the east, these lands were traversed by a group of settlers led by Spanish Lieutenant Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza. In 1775-1776, Anza established the first overland route from “New Spain,” as Mexico was then known, to San Francisco, opening the way for expanded Spanish settlement of California. The diaries kept on this nearly 2,000-mile journey were used to identify the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail, approximately 6 miles of which pass through the Fort Ord area. Although much of the historic route currently passes through urban areas, the undeveloped expanse of the Fort Ord area is likely quite similar to the open landscape experienced by Anza and by the Costanoan (now commonly referred to as Ohlone) peoples who lived in what is now the Central Coast region of California.

    The area’s open, contiguous landscape owes its undeveloped state in large part to its role as a U.S. Army facility. From World War I through the early 1990s, the area’s rugged terrain served as a military training ground and introduced as many as a million and a half American soldiers to the rigors of military service. From its origins in 1917 as a training ground for troops stationed at the nearby Presidio of Monterey, Fort Ord had grown into a major Army installation by the beginning of World War II. During the Vietnam War, it served as a leading training center and deployment staging ground. While the former Fort Ord has few remaining historic structures, today thousands of veterans carry the memory of its dramatic landscape as their first taste of Army life, as a final stop before deploying to war, or as a home base during their military career. These lands are an historical link to the heroism and dedication of the men and women who served our Nation and fought in the major conflicts of the 20th century.

    Today, this expansive, historic landscape provides opportunities for solitude and adventure to nearly 100,000 visitors each year. By bicycle, horse, and foot visitors can explore the Fort Ord area’s scenic and natural resources along trails that wind over lush grasslands, between gnarled oaks, and through scrub-lined canyons. Within the boundaries of the Fort Ord area, visitors admire the landscape and scenery and are exposed to wildlife and a diverse group of rare and endemic plants and animals. Because visitors travel from areas near and far, these lands support a growing travel and tourism sector that is a source of economic opportunity for the community, especially businesses in the region. They also help to attract new residents, retirees, and businesses that will further diversify the local economy.

    Scientists are also drawn here, seeking out opportunities to better understand once-widespread species and vegetative communities, and their ongoing restoration. The Fort Ord area is significant because of its rich biodiversity and important Central Coast habitats, supporting a diverse group of rare and endemic species of plants and animals that are managed across the base through a multi-agency, community-led management plan. It is one of the few remaining places in the world where large expanses of coastal scrub and live oak woodland and savanna habitat, mixed with rare vernal pools, exist in a contiguous, interconnected landscape.

    The protection of the Fort Ord area will maintain its historical and cultural significance, attract tourists and recreationalists from near and far, and enhance its unique natural resources, for the enjoyment of all Americans.

    WHEREAS section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225, 16 U.S.C. 431) (the “Antiquities Act”), authorizes the President, in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States to be national monuments, and to reserve as a part thereof parcels of land, the limits of which in all cases shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected;

    WHEREAS the 1991 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission recommended that Fort Ord cease to be used as an Army installation, and pursuant to the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-510), Fort Ord closed on September 30, 1994;

    WHEREAS it is in the public interest to reserve such lands as a national monument to be known as the Fort Ord National Monument;

    NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by section 2 of the Antiquities Act, hereby proclaim that all lands and interests in lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States within the boundaries described on the map entitled “Fort Ord National Monument,” which is attached to and forms a part of this proclamation, are hereby set apart and reserved as the Fort Ord National Monument (monument) for the purpose of protecting and restoring the objects identified above. The reserved Federal lands and interests in lands consist of approximately 14,651 acres, which is the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected and restored.

    All Federal lands and interests in lands within the boundaries of this monument are hereby appropriated and withdrawn from all forms of entry, location, selection, sale, leasing, or other disposition under the public lands laws, including withdrawal from location, entry, and patent under the mining laws, and from disposition under all laws relating to mineral and geothermal leasing other than by exchange that furthers the protective purposes of the monument.

    The establishment of this monument is subject to valid existing rights. Lands and interests in lands within the monument boundaries not owned or controlled by the United States shall be reserved as part of the monument upon acquisition of ownership or control by the United States.

    Of the approximately 14,651 acres of Federal lands and interests in lands reserved by this proclamation, approximately 7,205 acres are currently managed by the Secretary of the Interior through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and approximately 7,446 acres are currently managed by the Secretary of the Army. The Secretary of the Army, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, through the BLM, shall continue to manage the lands and interests in lands under the Secretary’s jurisdiction within the monument boundaries until the Army transfers those lands and interests in lands to the BLM in accordance with the 1995 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Department of the Army and the BLM, as amended, that describes the responsibilities of each agency related to such lands and interests in lands, the implementing actions required of each agency, the process for transferring administrative jurisdiction over such lands and interests in lands to the Secretary of the Interior, and the processes for resolving interagency disputes. The Secretary of the Interior, through the BLM, shall manage that portion of the monument under the Secretary’s administrative jurisdiction, pursuant to applicable legal authorities and the MOU, to implement the purposes of this proclamation.

    For purposes of protecting and restoring the objects identified above, the Secretary of the Interior, through the BLM, shall prepare and maintain a transportation plan, in coordination with the Secretary of the Army and consistent with the MOU, that provides for visitor enjoyment and understanding of the scientific and historic objects on lands within the monument boundaries that are under the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior.
    The transportation plan shall include the designation of roads and trails for bicycling and other purposes. Except for emergency or authorized administrative purposes, under the transportation plan motorized vehicle use shall be permitted only on designated roads, and non-motorized mechanized vehicle use shall be permitted only on designated roads and trails. The plan shall be revised upon the transfer of lands now under the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Army to the Secretary of the Interior in accordance with the MOU.

    Nothing in this proclamation shall be deemed to enlarge or diminish the rights of any Indian tribe.

    Nothing in this proclamation shall affect the responsibility of the Department of the Army under applicable environmental laws, including the remediation of hazardous substances or munitions and explosives of concern within the monument boundaries; nor affect the Department of the Army’s statutory authority to control public access or statutory responsibility to make other measures for environmental remediation, monitoring, security, safety, or emergency preparedness purposes; nor affect any Department of the Army activities on lands not included within the monument. Nothing in this proclamation shall affect the implementation of the Installation-Wide Multispecies Habitat Management Plan for the former Fort Ord including interagency agreements implementing that plan.

    Nothing in this proclamation shall be deemed to enlarge or diminish the jurisdiction of the State of California with respect to fish and wildlife management.

    Nothing in this proclamation shall be deemed to revoke any existing withdrawal, reservation, or appropriation; however, the monument shall be the dominant reservation.

    Warning is hereby given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate, injure, destroy, or remove any feature of this monument and not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof.

    IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of April, in the year of our Lord two thousand twelve, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-sixth.

    BARACK OBAMA